Sometimes being overweight can lead to serious health problems. People who weigh 100 kilograms or more above their ideal body weight are more likely to develop health problems. These problems include diabetes, heart disease, sleep apnea, liver disease, and joint problems. Weight loss surgery (also called bariatric surgery) can help overweight people who are trying to lose weight and are facing serious medical problems. But it's not a magic wand. People have to work hard before and after surgery. The two main types of weight loss surgery for adolescents are sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass. Sleeve gastrectomy (also called sleeve gastrectomy) is the most common weight loss procedure. With this operation, the surgeon removes part of the stomach and makes a tube or "arm" along with the rest of the stomach. The new banana-shaped stomach is much smaller than the original stomach. Part of the stomach that is removed produces hormones that increase appetite and help control insulin. Therefore, after sleeve gastrectomy surgery, the person's appetite decreases and insulin resistance improves. After the surgery, the person will eat less, feel full faster and will be less hungry. Gastric sleeve surgery only changes the stomach. The gastric cuff procedure is irreversible. In gastric bypass surgery, a surgeon creates a small pouch in the upper part of the stomach. This bag becomes the new stomach. Surgeons then bypass the upper part of the small intestine and connect the pouch to the center of the small intestine. After surgery, the stomach bag contains much less food than a full-size stomach. The person will eat less, feel full faster, and be less hungry. Because the small intestine is shorter, fewer calories and nutrients are absorbed. People who have gastric bypass surgery tend to lose more weight than people who have sleeve gastrectomy surgery, but there may be more problems. The gastric bypass procedure is irreversible. Determining whether an overweight adolescent can undergo bariatric surgery requires a team approach. This includes the teenager and his family, doctors, dietitians, exercise specialists, and psychologists.
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